The Value of Consensus Conferences: Peer review by 50 key opinion leaders!

Richard Bengt Price, Jean-François Roulet
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).edit.1
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Prerequisites to improve the quality of the editorial management system of the journal

Marian-Vladimir Constantinescu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).edit.2
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Laudatio in Celebration of Professor Rolf Ewers on his 75^th birthday

Constantinus Politis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).letter.1
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22^nd of International Congress of Esthetic Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey

Florin Lăzărescu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).news.1
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• DENTAL MATERIALS

Influence of chewing load on wear rate of polymethyl methacrylate double cross-linked denture teeth in vitro

Jean-François Roulet, Abdullah Al-Naser, William Martin, Nader Abdulhameed, Chiayi Shen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.1

(abstract)Purpose of the Study: Compare occlusal wear of PMMA DCL denture teeth under two different loads in vitro.
Materials & Methods: Sixteen mandibular second premolars (SR Orthoplane DCL) with a flat occlusal surface (specimens) were worn by sixteen maxillary second premolar-antagonists (Ortholingual DCL). These teeth were subjected in a chewing simulator (CS-4, SD Mechatronik) up to 240,000 loading cylces at 19.6N (LL ≈ full denture) and 68.6N (HL ≈ implant-overdenture) and TC (2,222 x 5 °C-55 °C). Replicas of mandibular teeth were obtained at 0, 10,000; 20,000; 40,000; up to 240,000 cycles with polyvinyl-siloxane impressions and dental stone. Antagonist-replicas were made at baseline and at 240,000 cycles. The volumetric wear was determined with Geomagic after scanning replicas with a laser scanner. Linear regressions and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The wear rate of the HL-specimens was significantly higher than that of the LL-group (p<0.0001). The LL-wear rate became linear after 60,000 cycles and was calculated to be 0.182 x 10 ^-6 mm³/stroke. The HL-wear rate was linear from 20,000 to 140,000 cycles and was 1.056 x 10 ^-6 mm³/stroke, then up to 240,000 cycles 0.656 x 10 -6 mm³/stroke. At 240,000 cycles the HL-group showed significantly higher antagonist-wear (p< 0.0001). The antagonists in both groups demonstrated higher wear than their opposing specimens (p<0.08).
Conclusions: HL generated significantly higher wear of both the specimens and the antagonists. The antagonists showed higher wear than the specimens. As a clinical consequence one may expect more wear of denture teeth in implant supported overdentures than in full dentures.
Keywords: wear, denture, PMMA, cross linked, in vitro.  | (read pdf) |

• ORAL MICROBIOLOGY

Effect of powdered green tea matcha on biofilm formation by mutans streptococci

Mochamad Fahlevi Rizal, Noboru Kaneko, Hiroshi Ogawa
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.2

(abstract)Introduction: Antibacterial ingredients with high safety and mild taste that can be used for mouthwash for children are required. Matcha is one of the natural beverages that is made from the leaves of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and widely consumed by Japanese and Asian people. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of matcha in suppressing biofilm formation by mutans streptococci, typical cariogenic bacteria. Methodology: Five laboratory strains of Streptococcus mutans (serotype c, e and f) and Streptococcus sobrinus (serotype d and g) were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of matcha. Matcha extract was added to bacterial cells in Heart Infusion broth supplemented with 1% sucrose (HIS). After incubation for 24 hours, the formed biofilm was dyed by Crystal Violet, and optical density at 490 nm was determined as the amount of biofilm formation. The effect of 0.02% chlorhexidine in HIS and purified water (MilliQ) in HIS were also measured as well. Results: The amounts of biofilm formation by all serotypes of mutans streptococci in matcha + HIS were significantly lower than those in MilliQ + HIS as were chlorhexidine in HIS, except S. sobrinus serotype g. The differences of amounts biofilm formation by all S. mutans (serotype c, e and f) and S. sobrinus serotype d in matcha + HIS and in chlorhexidine + HIS were not significant statistically. Conclusion: Matcha extract has an equivalent effectiveness of 0.02% chlorhexidine against most serotypes of mutans streptococci. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, chlorhexidine, green tea, mouthwash.  | (read pdf) |

• AESTETHIC DENTISTRY

Current perspectives on digital smile design

Luca Levrini, Silvia Croce, Sanda Mihaela Popescu, Marian-Vladimir Constantinescu, Riccardo Botta, Francesca Cattoni
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.3
(abstract) Background: Digital Smile Design (DSD) is a method that helps predict digitally the outcome of a smile based on the use of both static or dynamic images, in order to plan simple or complex rehabilitation cases,  to “draw a smile”. It is a valuable resource used to show the outcome of the treatment, to evaluate the aesthetic rehabilitation, to complete the diagnosis and improve communication with patients, laboratories and interdisciplinary clinicians. JPEG photos and STL files are forwarded to the laboratory and imported in CAD-CAM to make a mock-up and a provisional restoration. Thus, it is possible to check each step of the planning and make any corrections necessary. Objective: The present article is a comprehensive review on DSD, including every field in which it extends. Data sources: The research includes articles featuring the keywords: digital smile design, prosthodontic, surgery, digital flow, orthodontics and was conducted in two different databases, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Study Selection: After screening and removing the duplicates, 22 articles from Pubmed and 11 from Google Scholar were selected. Data extraction: The analysis included 13 articles regarding prosthetic rehabilitations, 7 articles about surgery (periodontal or rehabilitation), 11 articles describing DSD and 2 articles about orthodontics. The research included articles in English from 2000 to 2018. Data synthesis: DSD is an excellent way to design dental treatments thanks to its versatility in managing the treatment plan; however further improvements are required to refine the software and permit an appropriate clinical application. Keywords: digital smile design, diagnosis, communication.  | (read pdf) |

• RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY

Light curing matters: Facts often overseen by dentists

Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de Oliveira, Mateus Garcia Rocha, Jean-François Roulet
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.4

(abstract)Aim: To make dentists aware on the importance of correctly used light cure resin composites. Method: Highlighting important facts about light curing: Use of high quality light curing unit, use of the resin composite specific appropriate radiant exposure to adequately cure a resin composite, and highlighting important facts that may alter the radiant exposure received clinically by a resin composite restoration. Results: Application of this knowledge should change the behavior of dentists when it comes to light curing. Conclusions: The facts described should help educational institutes and professors to reinforce proper light curing techniques and associate training sessions within educational courses in order to improve teaching and learning. Keywords: light curing, composites, teaching.   | (read pdf) |

• MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

Advances in 3D bioprinting for bony defects of the mandible

Simon Cleemput, David Las, Reinhilde Jacobs, Constantinus Politis
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.5

(abstract)Background: A series of conditions can leave the human mandible with a bony defect that is still difficult to compensate for with current clinical techniques. 3D bioprinting (computer-controlled, highly organized deposition of bio-materials and stem cells into a 3D structure) is a new tissue engineering strategy showing potential to contribute to the treatment of these defects. Objective: The aim of this review is to give clinicians an idea of how 3D bioprinting works, where this technology is currently at and how it is developing towards clinical application in the field of maxillo-facial surgery. Data sources: Bone tissue engineering literature was searched for articles that describe the use of additive manufacturing (collective term for layer-wise stacking of materials, including 3D printing) with use of biomaterials and stem cells. Study selection: 3D bioprinting reviews and research articles presenting bone tissue constructs were selected. Data Extraction: Information on 3D bioprinting background, design, applied techniques and used biomaterials for bone tissue were bundled. Research projects aiming at creating viable bone constructs were selected. Data Synthesis:  This review presents a comprehensive summary of 3D bioprinting basics and shows how this technique is evolving towards bone tissue constructs with the potential of clinical application in the management of bony mandibular defects. Keywords: tissue engineering, 3D printing, bioprinting, biomaterials, bone, mandible.   | (read pdf) |

• RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY

Masking posterior tooth discolorations with color modifiers

Andreas Spaveras, Frantzeska Karkazi, Maria Antoniadou
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.6

(abstract)Aim: The present article provides the clinician with a fundamental principle for achieving success with direct application of resinous materials in cases of discolored posterior teeth, mainly due to amalgam corrosion of a previous restoration. The procedure, advantages, and limitations of the technique are discussed. Summary: A first upper right molar previously filled with amalgam was prepared for a direct composite resin restoration, due to secondary caries. The discolored dentin on the pulpal floor was treated with a white opaquer and a resinous corn color tint also applied with a round painter’s brush. Dentin and enamel shade stratification was performed according to the layering technique following the anatomical morphology of the tooth. Finishing was performed with extra-fine diamond burs and aluminum oxide disks. Then a silicon-rubber polishing cups system was used with a 5 μm diamond polishing paste in order to achieve high surface gloss. Key learning points: The preparation of dentin should be kept in minimum in order to follow the principle of minimally invasive dentistry. The application of an opaquer over the discolored dentin should be made in a very thin layer of 0.1 mm. The resinous color modifiers should be applied and layered homogeneously. Keywords: esthetic conservative direct restoration, posterior tooth, discolored dentin, color modifiers, tints.   | (read pdf) |

• PARTIAL DENTURES

Rotational path partial dentures: an underutilized treatment modality in aesthetic dental medicine

Adam Perry Tow
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).art.7

(abstract)Aim: To design a highly aesthetic prosthesis at low cost, which replaces maxillary anterior teeth without showing removable denture clasps. Summary: Today’s clinical practice is highly dictated by the increasingly demanding aesthetic standards of the modern patient. While advances in biomaterials and titanium osseo-integrated implants have made replacing missing teeth possible in a natural-looking way, many patients are not candidates for these fixed restorations due to physiological or financial barriers. In this case report, a patient with a history of anterior maxillary incisor partial-edentulism for whom fixed restorations were not feasible was treated using a rotational path of insertion partial denture. With this technique, the author was able to design a removable partial denture with no clasps showing, irrespective of the smile line height. The final result completely obscures the retentive mechanisms upon smiling and is highly aesthetic, on par with implant-retained fixed restoration, at a fraction of the cost and without the associated risks and complications of surgically-driven prosthetic cases. Learning Points: This article will review this case and the supporting literature, as well as provide guidance on laboratory prescription writing and optimal case selection. Keywords: Denture, Partial, Removable (D003832) Esthetics, Dental (D004955) denture, partial, removable (D003832) esthetics, dental (D004955).   | (read pdf) |

Teledentistry your partner in improving the oral health care of your patients

Florin-Eugen Constantinescu
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).prodnews.1
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Bone Grafts and Dental Implants Clinical Practice and New Paradigms

Alfred Seban, Patrick Bonnaud
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2018.5(4).bookreview.1
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