Articol-5-Preoteasa
www.stomaeduj.com
ORAL IMPLANTOLOGY
FEATURES OF HIGHLY VIEWED YOUTUBE VIDEOS ON
Review Articles
ALLON4 AND SKY FAST & FIXED
Cristina Teodora Preoteasa1a*b , Ramona Mihaela Toma2bb, Laura Iosif3cb , Elena Preoteasa3db
¹Department of Scientific Research Methodology and Ergonomics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest,
Bucharest, Romania
²Private practice, Bucharest, Romania
³Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
a
DMD, PhD, Associate Professor; e-mail: cristina.preoteasa@umfcd.ro; ORCIDiD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-6721
b
DMD; email: ramonatoma4@gmail.com;
c
DMD, PhD, Assistant Professor; e-mail: lauraiosif1@yahoo.com; ORCIDiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-4247
d
DDS, PhD, Professor; e-mail: dr_elena_preoteasa@yahoo.com; ORCIDiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-4135
ABSTRACT https://doi.org/10.25241/stomaeduj.2021.8(2).art.5
Introduction The study aimed to assess features of highly viewed YouTube videos on an alternative
of implant-supported fixed prosthesis, namely All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed, compared to those with a
considerably lower number of views.
Methodology Eighty YouTube videos were analyzed, 40 that registered the highest numbers of views, and
as control 40 with a considerably lower numbers of views. The search was conducted in February 2020. Data
were collected on bibliometric indices, general video features and medical information presented.
Results Highly viewed videos had variable features, tended to date at least 4 years back, with a 5-minute
duration, in English, either in spoken or written form, with multiple forms of media content, information
presented by the dentist, mainly on implant placement and definitive fixed prosthesis, clearly indicating
identification data on the dentist’s and the dental clinic name. When compared to videos with a considerably
lower number of views, the latter are often longer, in other languages than English, have images as multimedia
content, the information presented frequently includes theoretical medical aspects, fragments from clinical
interventions, information on definitive fixed prosthesis, and frequently mention identification data on the
dentist’s name and the dental materials used.
Conclusions Highly viewed videos on dental theme as All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed have features that
differentiate them from those with a considerably lower number of views. Knowing this information helps
making videos that meet the users’ needs and are more likely to reach their purpose, namely the general
population education.
KEYWORDS
Patient Education; Dental Implant; Prosthodontic; Media.
1. INTRODUCTION that assessed the information quality of medical
aspects presented by online videos suggested that
Nowadays patient-information sources on medical YouTube is not currently an appropriate source
issues are numerous and diverse. In fact, online of information, considering sometimes it spreads
resources are an important category, they are used misinformation [4,5]. Analyzing such documents,
considerably more frequently, with an impact that it can be easily noticed that they are different in
still needs to be better known considering their many respects. Considering their increased use, it
various content and sometimes doubtful credibility is important to know the features of highly viewed
[1,2]. Among the online resources, videos are a online videos, which allows medical professionals
particular category that registers an increased use, to make not only videos that transmit the correct
being a good tool for medical information for both information, but also ones that are likely to be
the public and medical professionals [3]. They can accessed by many persons, and therefore reach their
be accessed on different platforms, among which purpose to educate. The aim of this study is to assess
YouTube is one of most popular. Previous research features of highly viewed YouTube videos on an
OPEN ACCESS This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Peer-Reviewed Article
Citation: Preoteasa CT, Toma RM, Iosif L, Preoteasa E. Features of highly viewed YouTube videos on All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed. Stoma Edu J.
2021;8(2):120-124
Received: May 08, 2021; Revised: June 03, 2021; Accepted: June 22, 2021; Published: June 24, 2021
*Corresponding author: Dr. Cristina Teodora Preoteasa, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Scientific Research Methodology and Ergonom-
ics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest.
Address: 4–6 Eforiei Street, 50037 Bucharest, Romania
Tel: 0040726275525; e-mail: cristina.preoteasa@umfcd.ro
Copyright: © 2021 the Editorial Council for the Stomatology Edu Journal.
120 Stoma Edu J. 2021;8(2): 120-124 pISSN 2360-2406; eISSN 2502-0285
Preoteasa CP, et al.
www.stomaeduj.com
Review Articles
alternative of implant-supported fixed prosthesis, The majority of the videos were in English, but
namely All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed, compared to while videos without spoken or written language
those with a considerable lower number of views. communication registered lower number of views
Comparisons were made regarding the videos (e.g., a median of 92974 views in the group of
general characteristics such as age, length, language high viewed videos), those in English and in other
used, multimedia content, as well as some aspects languages registered higher and similar number
related to their medical theme, namely the presenter’s of views (median of 192542 views for the videos
training, type of medical information presented, in English, and 192703 views for the videos in
reference to treatment steps, identification data. other languages). In highly viewed videos various
multimedia content was used, as text, audio,
2. METHODOLOGY video and images in the majority of them. More
frequently the dentist presented or explained the
For this study a search on YouTube in February information in highly viewed videos, while patients
2020 was conducted. The search terms used were more frequently presented this information in the
"All-on-4" and "Fast and fixed". There were 40 videos videos with a considerable lower number of views,
analyzed that registered the highest numbers of but the difference was not statistically significant. In
views, and as control 40 videos with a considerable none of the videos the dental assistant or the dental
lower numbers of views. technician presented the information. In most highly
Data were collected on the following aspects: viewed videos fragments were included from the
- bibliometric indices i.e., number of views, likes, clinical interventions, along with presentation of
dislikes, and comments; theoretical aspects, with a statistically significant
- general features of the video: the date the video higher frequency than in the videos with a lower
was posted; length of the video (registered in number of views. With a low frequency, aspects as
seconds); the language used in the video (registered treatment cost and insurance coverage, treatment
as English, other language, or without spoken or alternatives, maintenance procedures, dentist-
written communication); multimedia content (if they patient relationship, types of materials used,
comprised text, images, audio, videos, animation, history of dental implants were mentioned. In most
and also registering the number of modalities used); highly viewed videos information was included on
- medical aspects: presenter (dentist, dental nurse, implant placement and definitive fixed prosthesis,
dental technician, patient, unclear, no one); type while in most of those with a considerable lower
of medical information presented (theoretical number of views aspects were discussed related
aspects, dentist interviews, fragments from clinical to follow-up, patient evaluation and implant
interventions, imaging data, other); medical infor- placement. Identification data were more frequently
mation presented in regard to treatment steps (data encountered in highly viewed videos, most freq-
collected during patient evaluation, during surgical uently being mentioned the dentist name (Table 1).
intervention for implant placement; of interim
prosthesis, of the definitive fixed prosthesis, during 4. DISCUSSION
follow-up); identification data on the dentist, dental
clinic, dental implant manufacturer, and dental Highly viewed videos on dental theme as All-on-4
materials used. and SKY fast & fixed have different features, tend to
A statistical analysis was performed using the date at least 4 years back , with a duration of about 5
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS minutes, mainly in English, either in spoken or written
Statistics) Considering the data distribution, form, with multiple forms of media content (text,
nonparametric tests were used. For the group audio, video, images), with information presented
comparison the Mann Whitney test and chi-square by the dentist, mainly on implant placement
test were used, according to variable type. The and definitive fixed prosthesis, clearly indicating
p-values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically identification data on the dentist’s name and the
significant. dental clinic name. When compared to videos with a
considerable lower number of views, the latter have a
3. RESULTS greater number of likes, dislikes and comments, have
a longer duration, have spoken or written language
Eighty videos were analyzed, 40 videos with the communication in other languages than English,
highest number of views (between 71332 and have more frequently images as multimedia content,
1232391 views), and 40 with a considerably lower the information presented includes more frequently
number of views (between 964 and 1562 views). theoretical medical aspects and fragments from
Highly viewed videos dated back a median of clinical interventions, as well as information on the
nearly 4 years, ranging widely, from 4 months to treatment steps more frequently on definitive fixed
almost 11 years. The median of their duration was prosthesis and less frequently on follow-up, mention
nearly 5 minutes, almost double compared to the more frequently identification data regarding the
one observed in the group with lower number of dentist’s name and the dental materials used, and
views, the longest video being almost 50 minutes. less frequently data on the dental clinic.
Stoma Edu J. 2021;8(2):120-124 pISSN 2360-2406; eISSN 2502-0285 121
YouTube videos on All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed
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Review Articles Table 1. Features of videos analyzed.
Variable Highly viewed videos Low viewed videos P
Likes (median) 332,5 4 <0,001*
Dislikes (median) 39,5 0 <0,001*
Comments (median) 25,5 0 <0,001*
Date (median) April 3rd 2016 September 16th 2016 0,126
Duration (median) 289 seconds 145 seconds 0,006*
Language: English:other:none (no.) 28:8:4 35:0:5 0,007*
Multimedia content
- text (no.) 34 32 0,246
- images (no.) 25 15 0,012*
- audio (no.) 34 35 0,785
- video (no.) 31 34 0,685
- animation (no.) 15 15 0,858
- media forms (median) 4 3,5 0,142
Speakers
- dentist (no.) 19 11 0,065
- patient (no.) 13 20 0,012
- unclear (no.) 5 5 >0,999
- nobody (no.) 10 10 >0,999*
Type of medical information presented
- theoretical aspects (no.)
- dentist interviews (no.) 18 5 0,001*
- fragments from clinical interventions 16 9 0,064
(no.) 23 14 0,024*
- imaging data (no.)
14 9 0,165
Refer to treatment steps
- patient evaluation (no.) 19 22 0,658
- implant placement (no.) 20 21 0,991
- interim prosthesis (no.) 11 7 0,230
- definitive fixed prosthesis (no.) 24 14 0,013*
- follow-up (no.) 11 24 0,006*
Identification data
- dentist name (no.) 29 18 0,005*
- dental clinic name (no.) 21 31 0,037*
- dental implant manufacturer (no.) 14 7 0,054
- dental materials (no.) 9 2 0,018*
The age of the videos may be a factor that has an the fact that they probably understand it more easily.
impact on the document’s visibility, but this research Explanations relatively often include medical terms,
similar to others found that most highly viewed which are sometimes difficult to understand in the
videos on a specific medical theme have very native language, sometimes even more difficult to
different range in this regard, the trend being of understand in other languages, these being among
about 4 to 5 years [6,7]. the barriers and difficulties in understanding medical
The specific particularities of the video most information [10]. Other researchers found similar
probably have an impact on its viewing. They should results, as the one of Dutta et al. [11], that found that
not be too long or too short. This study suggests that videos in Hindi on COVID-19 pandemic had a higher
the duration should be of about 5 minutes. Other number of views than those in English.
studies found that the duration of highly viewed Similar to other research on other medical topics,
videos on other medical themes is longer, of about patients’ testimonials and dentist interviews are
10 minutes [7], or of about 8 minutes [8], or less, of frequently used to present information [12,13]. This
about 3 minutes [9]. Probably the complexity of the study shows that videos in which the speakers are
medical topic has an impact on the video length. dentists are more likely to register a higher number
Chen et al. [8] study results found that useful videos of views compared to videos in which the speakers
are of a larger duration compared to misleading are the patients. This may be explainable considering
videos. the information may be considered more valid when
These studies show that videos in English were is presented by a specialist in the field.
most used. Even so, there were videos in other It is important to adequately include medical
languages with a very high number of views. An information that is pertinent to the subject dis-
explanation may be that individuals frequently cussed in the video, but also aspects that are
search information in their native languages, due to important from the patient’s perspective [14].
122 Stoma Edu J. 2021;8(2): 120-124 pISSN 2360-2406; eISSN 2502-0285
Preoteasa CP, et al.
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The results of this research indicates that highly age of a movie must have an influence on its views.
Review Articles
viewed videos presented more frequently The older the movie, the higher the number of views,
information on the definitive fixed restoration. because the probability that an old movie is picked
Considering the treatment alternatives analyzed, up is higher than the one for a brand-new movie
All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed are indicated for been picked, unless a filter is set for most recent
completely edentulous patients, most frequently ones. The number of views is not a quality criterion
treated by removable complete denture, definitive but a result of filter choice, of aggressive marketing
fixed restauration is an important factor for decision by the manufacturer and other non-disclosed
making from the patient’s perspective, thus, most parameters in YouTube. The number of likes is low
probably the presentation of this information with a frequency of 0,064% being insignificant. The
increased the number of views of those videos. method used did not allow to target the trueness of
Other research on YouTube videos on medical topics, the information presented. Hence, it is impossible
such as Tang et al. [13], suggest that medical content to deduct if the implant treatment is good, bad or
influences the number of views, given the viewer’s problematic. Another study limitation is the fact
interest. that a comparison was made to a limited number of
The method used for this research is similar to videos with a considerably lower number of views,
other studies in the scientific literature [6,9]. View the rest of them probably having various other
count of YouTube videos was the indicator used to characteristics. Also, considering the specific topic
rank documents according to their being accessed. analyzed i.e., All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed, most
This index was presumed to help identify and probably videos on other dental and medical topics
differentiate videos with a greater or lower impact may present different particularities. In this research
on forming the consumer’s opinion. As others (e.g., users were considered to be private individuals.
likes), it has flaws related to several factors, as it does
not indicate that the video was viewed entirely, is 5. CONCLUSION
influenced by the video age, it is suspected not to be
very accurate, as there is usually a small number of Highly or less highly viewed videos on dental
videos with a considerable higher number of views. themes as All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed are meant
Even so, considering the increasing use of Internet for the general population and bear no scientific
sources of information, bibliometric indicators have or educational value. In the level of evidence these
to be defined, and many of them for Internet videos video's score less than a case-report. The number
are based on view count, as an indication of the video of views depends on the parameter chosen
success. Bibliometric indicators for Internet media and is not a measure of quality nor of trueness.
is an area that needs to be better known. We must Video-information as found on YouTube cannot
clearly state that view count it is not an indicator replace well-executed formal studies published in
of content quality, which was also not aimed to peer-reviewed dental journals and should not be
be an objective of this research. This study was recommended to clinicians or to patients.
meant to try to identify some of the characteristics
that facilitate creating a success video from the CONFLICT OF INTEREST
perspective of persons without medical training. This The authors declare no conflict of interest.
information could be useful for medical practioners
when creating a video for patients’ education and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
information. All authors have an equal contribution to this manuscript as the
first author.
4.1. Study limitations
The study limitations are the following: YouTube has AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
27 filters which determine which videos are shown CP: concept, data analysis, data interpretation, critical review.
first. A view is defined as a click on this movie, it does RT: concept, data analysis, data interpretation .
not mean that the whole movie has been viewed. The LI: concept, data analysis, data interpretation .
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Cristina Teodora PREOTEASA
DMD, PhD, Associate Professor
Department of Scientific Research Methodology and Ergonomics
Faculty of Dental Medicine
“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest
Bucharest, Romania
CV
Cristina Teodora Preoteasa, DMD, PhD, Associate Professor Department of Scientific Research Methodology and
Ergonomics, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. She obtained her
DMD degree in 2006 from the “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
She completed two Master programs in “Biocompatible substances, materials and systems” and “Biostatistics”.
She became MS in Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics in 2010. Her PhD thesis, entitled “Clinical and
experimental contributions on the interaction of orthodontic appliances with the hard structures of the teeth” was
presented in 2013. She is the author/co-author of more than 80 articles in peer-review journals and contributed
to 7 books published in Romania and abroad. She participated in several national and international professional
conferences. Her main interests include: orthodontics, dental research, dental education, prosthodontics, oral
implantology.
Questions
1. Which of the following statements about patient-information sources on medical
aspects is incorrect:
a. Are numerous and diverse;
b. Are sometimes of doubtful credibility;
c. Patients use only online resources for medical information;
d. Online videos are not good tools for medical information.
2. The correct statement regarding medical information videos:
a. Can be only accessed on YouTube;
b. Are used only for patients’ information;
c. Are used only for medical professional information;
d. Sometimes spread misinformation.
3. Which of the following statements about highly viewed YouTube videos on All-on-4
and SKY fast & fixed is correct:
a. Have an average duration of 5 seconds;
b. Are always in English;
c. The presenter is most commonly a patient;
d. Commonly include information on the definitive fixed prosthesis.
4. Highly viewed YouTube videos on All-on-4 and SKY fast & fixed, compared to videos
with a considerable lower number of views:
a. Have on average a shorter duration;
b. Have on average the same duration;
c. Mention more frequently identification data on the dentist’s name;
d. Are always in English.
124 Stoma Edu J. 2021;8(2):120-124 pISSN 2360-2406; eISSN 2502-0285